Friday 4 November 2011

MAHAPURUSHAS



A TRIBUTE TO NAMASANKEERTHANA THRI MOORTHIGAL

Sri Bhodendra Saraswathi Swamigal
Kesava, a poor Brahmin of Kancheepuram, used to visit the Sree Kanchi Mutt often for darshan and guru kainkarya. One day he was accompanied by his son Purushothama who used to go with him to Sree Mutt and enjoyed the activities over there. He used to observe the activities of the Mutt with rapt attention and also the daily routine of the Seer who was heading the same. He was impressed by the way the then Seer Sri Athmabodendra Saraswathi who was worshiping the shrine of Adi Sankara and other deities and offering obeisance to the Acharya, formed parts of the daily routine of Purushothama. He was bringing his young son also along, to seek the blessings of Swamigal as he was perturbed about his son’s future. While walking, holding the young boy’s hand, Kesava pondered what his son would become in future. That was sometime in early 17th Centuruy.
He is my son, Purushothaman” said Kesava introducing him to the Kanchi Acharya. Acharya Swamigal looked at the young son with a piercing look of divinity for a while and then asked his father: “What are you going to contribute for the Mutt”? “Whatever that you wish and command” replied Kesava with all reverence. “Well” said Swamigal, pointing at his son “then, give him to the Mutt”. Coming from the Acharya of a venerable Institution like Sankara Mutt, the order, however unpleasant it may be, he had to obey the holy orders of the Seer and he agreed for the same. . The young Purushothama joined the Mutt, received the formal initiation to sainthood (Diksha) and ascended the Peetam in 1638 as Bhodendra Saraswathi Swamigal. It was Bhagawan Nama Bhodendra Swamigal, the 58th Achaarya of Kanchi Mutt who pioneered the Nama Sangeerthanam movement.
The spiritual fulfillment was sought in many ways in different ages. While the path of meditation was prescribed for Krita Yuga, the way of sacrifice was advocated for Treta Yuga and the emphasis was on service in Dvapara Yuga. As the Kali Yuga approached, Narada sought the advice of Lord Krishna. Having visualized the plight of the people in Kali Yuga, Lord Krishna advocated an easy path for them. He said: “He who seeks Me through the simple means of Nama Sangeerthanam would easily reach Me”. Thus, Nama Sangeerthanam has been recognized as the effective way of reaching the Lord in the age of Kali Yuga. The Lord had said: “I do not live in Vaikunta or in the heart of saints or among Gopikas. I live in the heart of devotees who sing my glories”; till this date He has been doing that and His presence can be felt when Nama Keerthan is done in proper way with all humbleness as could be envisaged for.
When Narada queried as to how to lead the people towards this belief and how to make them convince, the Lord said, He Himself would incarnate, over the period, as a seer, as a saint or as a singer to highlight the value of Nama Sankeerthanam. Over the ages, the Lord Himself descended to Bharatha Varsha, manifesting himself as Vyasa, Sukha and as other sages, kindled the light of devotion and guided humanity to the righteous path. Sri Adi Sankara expressed devotion through Bhaja Govindam. Arunagirinathar hailed the glory of Muruga through Thiruppugazh. The Musical Trinity, Saint Thyagaraja, Muthuswamy Deekshithar and Shyama Sastrigal showed us the way to God through music. There were legends like Jayadevar, Chaitanya, Annamacharya, Thukkaram, Ramadas, Purandaradasar, and Narayana Theertha, to mention a few, who highlighted the value of devotion through Keerthans. The life of each of them was a saga of devotion and dedication.
It was the boy who, one fine morning, walked his way to the Kanchi Mutt and later became its head as Sri Bhodendra Swaraswathy Swamigal who revived Nama Sankeerthanam tradition in South. Even while performing duties as the Sankaracharya of Kanchi Kamakoti Peetam, Sri Bhodendra Saraswathi Swamigal used to visit different holy places. Sitting on the banks of river Kaveri, he would start meditating, sing the glory of the Ram Naam and then prompt others to join him. He believed that one who chants Rama Nama or sing His glory would find fulfillment in life.

SAPTHA KOTI MAHA MANTRA: CHITTA VIBRAMA KARAKA:
EKA EVA PARO MANTRA: RAMETHI AKSHARA DWAYAM”
There are 7 croress of Maha mantras which would vitiate one’s mind and one and only Maha mantra which would be of par excellence is RAMA, the two lettered one.

One day, Sri Bodendra Swamigal was camping in a village called Perambur in Needamangalam, a place adjacent to Raja Mannarkudi in Tamizh Nadu. A couple came to have his darshan and invited him to their home for Biksha . The Swamigal also agreed to come the next day.
On the following day, Sri Bodendra Swamigal arrived at the couple’s residence and sat down to eat. Just then, he noticed their son sit by his side and have his food with him. In spite of his repeated requests, the little boy was most unresponsive. The parents then slowly explained the Swamigal that he could neither hear nor speak. He was deaf and dumb by birth. Hearing this, tears rolled down Swamigal’s eyes. He cried uncontrollably because, just a while back, he had made a proclamation in one of his works that one would escape the fear of death if he sings or hears the Taraka Nama even once. He had thought that the Taraka Nama could spare none as everyone would at least hear the Divine Name knowingly or unknowingly during their lifetime. except this deaf and dumb boy.
The devout couple consoled the Swamigal, that it was their past karma which they are reaping now amd requested Swamigal to accept the 'bhiksha'. At the tearful pleadings of the hosts Sri Bodendra Swamigal had three handful of food and then took leave of them. The couple reverentially accompanied the Swamigal to the entrance to the village. Hungry that this boy was, he reached out to the leaf that Swamigal had eaten from, and ate from the remnants left on it. No sooner had he eaten the ‘Uchchishta’ from Sri Bodendral’s leaf than he began singing the Names of the Lord! When the parents returned to the house, they could not believe their eyes seeing their hitherto deaf and dumb child jumping in joy crying out Bhagavan Nama in Bhakti. What a miracle!

It is because of his immense penance and namasidhantha he is praised as under:-
"Yasya smarana mathreena nama bhakthi: prajayathe
Tham namami yathi shrestam Bhodendram Jagatham Gurum"
In his immortal works, Rama Karnamrutham and Naamamrutha Rasaayanam he stressed the importance of chanting Rama Nama. He said, while performing different duties assigned to each, one should seek God, with heart full of devotion, by singing (Keerthana), reciting (Japa) hearing (Sravana) and meditating (Smarana). Our Swamigal left an indelible impression on Namasankareethan field by spreading the fame and efficacy of Rama Nam far and wide by his indepth research and brought out useful research through his works. His contribution to the world by establshing the supremecy of Bhagavan Nama earned him the name Bhagavannamma Bhodendra Swamigal and he was worshiped by people enmass. Whether it is Kings or saints all were attracted to our Swamilgal who attained Jeeva Samadhi on the banks of tributory of Kaveri and was found out after many centures by Marudanallur Sadguru Swamigal. His Jeeva Samadhi is a boon giving Kalpaka Vrisksha and any seeker who with intense devotion prays to Him is granted all his wishes and many devotees have also gone abroad on His wishes and are living with comfirts and inner sanctitiy by His copious Grace.

It is not surprising that Sri Sri Krishna Premi Swamigal calling Him as under:-

" Gopi mruth kalithoordhwa pundra vilasath phalam prsannanam
Kashayambhara veshtitham pranamathaam kalyana kalpadrumam
chin mudrankitha phani padmam anisham sankeerthayantham Harim
Vandeham Karunaarnavam yathivaraam Bhodendra Yogeeswaram"



Sri Sreedhara Ayyaval, Thiruvishaloor

A contemporary of Bhodendra Swamigal, Sri Sreedhara Ayyaval, was another great exponent of Nama Sangeerthanam. Born to Lingaraya at Mysore, Sreedhara Ayyaval spurned the offer of Ministership and went on an extensive pilgrimage. He found Tiruvisainallur, located on the banks of river, Kaveri, as the ideal place to pursue his spiritual mission. He became an ardent devotee of Lord Shiva and acquired mastery over Vedic texts and composed many scholarly works like Padamani Manjari, Navaratnamalika, Dayasathakam, Achuthashtakam, Ramamrutha Rasayanam, Stuthi Padhathi etc. Hearing his great works and the great miracles happening in his life, like Ganges came out of his house well to proove the provess of his intense prayers on Karthika Amavasya Day, Holy Trinity of Bramma Vishnu and Lord Siva attending the Shradda ceremony at his House, Lord Krishna giving him Darshan etc. Sri Bhodendra Saraswathi Swamigal came in contact with Ayyaval and it became a lifelong association between them. On seeing Sri Ayyaval at the very first glance our Bhodendra swamigal extolled a verse in his praise:-

" Eesay Thasya cha namani pravimalam gnanam thayoor urrjitham
prema prema cha that pareshu virathis cha anyatra sarvatra cha
Eeseksha Karunaa cha yasya niyatha vruthi: sruthasyaapi yam
tham Vandeh nara roopam anthaka ripum Sree Venkatesham Gurum"

Sri Sr;I Premi Anna reverently calls on Ayyaval as under:-

SHIVA NAMA RASAASWADHA PARAMANANDHA THUNDILAM
SHIVA BHAKTAGRA GANYAM THAM SREEDHARAARYAM
NAMAMYAHAM”

Sri Maruthanallur Sadguru Swamigal

Yasyaangam kanakaabha kaama sadrusam phaalam thripundraankitham                                                          
Vaanee Sri raghunaatha naama sudahyaapi aardhraa asakruth dhaaraya |
Cheathasi ambuja lochano yadhupath: kelathyalam raadhayaa                                                          
Tham vai Venkataraama daesika varam sarvaathmanaa aham bhajae  |

While the revered Acharya sowed the seeds of Nama Sangeerthanam tradition and Sri Ayyaval nourished it, Sri Maruthanallur Sadguru Swamigal (1977-1817) helped it to grow further. Venkatarama Desikan, who later came to be known as Sadguru Swamigal, was born in Thiruvidaimaruthur in Thanjavur District in 18th centuary. It is believed that while performing Pradakshina, Sadguru Swamigal happened to discover a rare book titled Nama Koumudhi which turned out to be a source of immense inspiration for him. He turned the river Kavery to a northern direction to build a memorial for his master, Bhodendra Swamigal. Sadguru Swamigal brought about an orderly system of Bhajan rendering, known as Sampradaya or Padhadi Bhajan. The elaborate Bhajan Sambradhaya devised by him is divided into major categories like Thodaya Mangalam followed by Guru keerthanai, Astapathi, Ramadasar, Purandara Dasar Keerthanas, Sadhashiva Brahmendra geethangal, Gopalakrishna Bharathi kritis, Thyagaraja Kritis, followed by Hindi/Hindusthani keerthanaigal, pooja paddathathi, Divya Nama Sangeerthanam & Gopika Geetham followed by Dololthsavam and Prabhodhanam each part containing slokas, songs and Namavalis and concluded with Mangala Aarathi. An elaborate Padhathi (method) has also been composed for Kalyanothsavam.

Sri sri Premi Anna sang in praise of Sadguru Swamigal as under:-

YASYA UNCHAVRITTHI SAMAYE VIVIDHA UPACHAARAI:
ARADAYANTHI YAM PARITHO BHAGAVATH PRAPANNA:
SANKEERTAYANTHAM ANISHAM RAGHU NAATHA NAMA
THAM BHAVAYAMI HRUDHI SADGURUM AATMABHANDUM”


Swami Gnanandha Giri Swamigal of Thapovanam
Just as the Musical Trinity, a Nama Sangeerthanam Trinity has also come into being with Bhodendra Saraswathi Swamigal, Sreedhara Ayyaval and Marudhanallur Sadguru Swamigal. There were many great personalities others, like Swami Gnanananda Giri Swamigal of Thapovanam, Tirukoilur, (who brought out all Agasthya geethams to the world) Pudukottai Brahmashri Gopalakrishna Bhagavathar (Sathuguru Swamigal himself reborn in this form to re-establish Sampradhaya Bhajans) Swami Haridas Giri (who made Bhagavathas command respect on all platforms and spread namasankeerthanam all over the world) etc. All of them left an indelible message in the minds of the people that Nama Sangeerthanam is the sure and easy way to God realization and salvation.
Swami Gnananandha Giri Swamigal, a disciple of Swami Sivaratha Giri of Kashmir Jyotir Mutt, founded by Sri Thotakacharya renounced his life and became of sanyasin of high order. He even left his Mutt for easy moving with common people and spent years and years at Himalayas and various other holy places for intense tapas and moved with Sidda purushas and saints and even went abroad through his attainments. He lived for certain centuries and his actual age is not known. He can talk many languages and won the hearts of his devotees by his sheer simplicity, served them with food and shelter and imparted knowledge through his own example. It is said that he was present with Sant Kabir when he received Ram Nama Upadesham from Ramanandar. It is also said that he lived in various places assuming various names and did intense tapas and spent his days in the company of holy saints of India and also in Cylon,Malaysia and other places in Himalays. The last few decades of his long life were sent on the banks of Then Pennaiyar viz., Siddalingamadam and Thaponvanam, whereat he attained Maha Samadhi. Swami was in contact all holy personalities of India and did various miracles in his own inimitable ways. He lead a very simple asetic life and moved with common people often blessing them to get their problems solved without their knowledge. He was a great siddaha purusha of par excellance. He was instrumental in spreading nama sankeerthanam often headed by Sri Natt Annaji Rao and other Polur bhagavathars. He was the main stay in bringing out Agasthiar Geethams which were in palm leaves. He gave darshan to many great devotees at various places on the one and same day and same time. His contribution to namasankeerthan margam attracts devotees and saints alike to his place of abode even today.

Sri Sri Anna of Ramakrishna Mutt sang in praise of Gnanananandha Giri Swamigal of Thapovanam as under:-

MANDHA SMITHA MUKHAMBHOJAM MAHANEEYA GUNAARNAVAM
MADHURAA BHASHINAM SHANTHAM SARVABHOOTHA DAYAPARAM
BAKTHAVATSALYA JALADHIM PARAMA ANANDA VIGRAHAM
GNANANDHAM PRAPANNOSMI NIRMALA GNANA SIDDHAYE’


Pudukottai Brahmashri Gopalakrishna Bhagavathar

Many sadhus were all God-incarnates. Most of them, saints, musicians and composers who helped to nurture the tradition of Nama Sangeerthanam were born and grew up around Kaveri belt. It would seem that the waves of Kaveri produce the eternal notes of Thala in rhythm or sometime they sound like the music of Nama Sankeerthanam. The river Kaveri has come to symbolize the hoary tradition of Nama Sangeerthan. As the season of Bhajanothsavam dawns, the whole land would be immersed in the serenity of music. Kaveri, on whose surroundings the tradition of Nama Sankeerthanam flourished, would then flow through all over South India.
Gopalakrishna Bhagavathar was born at Swarnarayanyam in Madurai District and learnt music, dance and harikatha, veena from his father. He was married at an early age and lost his wife in a few years later. He lived a saintly life from then on propagating nama keerthan through his own inemitable ways to please the Lotus feet of he Nrusimha Deva. He took up to Unchavritti Dharmam at an very early age and all his earning were meant for Lakshmi Nrusimha Jayanthi which he celebrated in all granduer as could be possible in his days. He went on tour often for conducting bhajanotsavams and never missed his daily poojas or anustana throuh out 40 years of his constant journeys Asethu Himichalam. His daily routine was to conduct probhodhanam in sampadhaya margam, followed by his nithyanushtanams, followed up Unchavritti. At noon japam, keerthan and parayan used to be done by him. At evenings he used to conduct regular bhajans followed by Divyanama Keerthan and Shyanotsava often by his enchanting Dance and Abhinaya. He used to eat very little, only once a day at noon and often at night only Phala Ahara and milk offerred to his deity used to be his food. In one of the yatras to the North India, Kanchi Maha Periaval attended the Divya Nama Sankeerthan of Bhagavathar and danced with him at the time when "Anganaam anganaam" was sung. Both were enjoying each other's company in estacsy. Later Maha Periaval made a comment that Pudukottai Bhagavathar wears a white dhoti and lives like a saint like me. There is only one difference between them that Periaval wore a saffron robe and that Bhagavathar a white one. During Lakshmi Nrusimha Jayanthi he used to be on drinks for 15 days at a stretach & only after Avabrutha snana he used to eata square meals. Ambikadasar, GS Mani and many others have written songs in his praise out of their swanubhuti which lingers on the lips of his true devotees. He was a great siddha purusha and his attainments are praise worthy. Even today any one who prays to "Appa" (as he was used to be called upon by his devotees) their wishes are granted to them.

One of the great devotees of Appa picturized him as under:-

NADA BRAHMA MAYEEM NIJANKA RASIKAAM
VEENAM THUDAN MANJULAAM
SREESHA VESHA NATANA CHATURO
RANJAYAN BAKTHI MUGDAN
ANANDASHRU CHAYAI: SUPOORNA NAYANA:
BINDHAN MANA: KALMASHAAN
VARVARTHEEHA GURU: MAHAN GUNA NIDHI:
GOPALAKRISHNO MAMA”


ENTHARO MAHAANUBHAVULU ANTHARIKI NA VANDANAMU

Tuesday 13 September 2011

KRISHNA CHAITANYA MAHAPRABHU


Lord Gauranga  (Sri Krishna Chaitanya Mahaprabhu)
Hare Krishna Hare Krishna  Krishna Krishna Hare Hare
Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare
Chaitanya: Krsna-Chaitanyo Gaurango Dvija-nayaka;
     Yatee
nam Dandinam Chaiva Nyaasinaam cha siromani:
Raktambara-dharah: Sreeman Navadveepa-Shudhakara:
     P
rema-bhakti-pradas chaiva sri-sachee-nandanas tatha
-Saarvabhauma Bhattacharya-
Birth and Parentage
Pandit Jagannath Misra, alias Purandar Misra, a pious Brahmin of the Vaidik sub-caste, had migrated from Sylhet (Silhat) and settled at Nadia or Navadweep, a city of learned men in the Navadweep district of West Bengal, situated on the river Ganges, seventy-five miles north of Calcutta. Jagannath Misra's wife was Sachi Devi, daughter of the great scholar Neelambar Chakravarti. She also was a pious lady. A son was born to Jagannath Misra and Sachi on the night of the full moon, on 4th February, 1486 A.D., at Navadweep.

The newborn child was named Viswambara. He was the tenth child of Jagannath Misra and Sachi Devi. The first eight--all daughters--died soon after their birth. The ninth was Viswarup, a son. He abandoned the world at sixteen when he was being forced to marry and entered a monastery in South India. The women, thinking that Sachi had lost many children, gave the tenth child, Viswambara, the bitter name of Nimayee ( derived from the name of the Neem tree) as a protection against all evil influences. The neighbours called him Gaur or Gaur-Hari or Gauranga (fair-complexioned) on account of his marvellous beauty. Gaur means fair and Anga means body; and they called him Gaur-Hari, because he was so fond of the name 'Hari' that nothing could soothe him, when he cried during childhood, save Hari's name.
Gauranga’s Boyhood and Studies
Prema-nama-dana-janya-pancha-tattvakatmakam Sanga-divya-parshadastra-vaibhavavatarakam; Shyama-gaura-nama-gana-nrutya-mattha-naagaram
Prema-dhama-devam eva naumi Gaura-sundaram
Gouranga studied logic at the school of Vasudev Saarvabhauma, a very reputed professor of Nyaya Shastra. The extraordinary intellect of Gauranga attracted the attention of Sree Raghunath, author of the famous book on logic called Didheeti. Raghunath thought within himself that he was the most intelligent youth of his times in the world. He thought that he was more intelligent than his teacher Saarvabhauma. Raghunath's one great ambition was that he should be the foremost man of learning in the whole world. But, when he found that Gauranga, though much younger than himself, was more intelligent and learned, he began to loose hope. His heart was filled with fear. Gauranga was at that time writing a commentary on Nyaya Shastra . This made Raghunath more nervous. Raghunath wanted to see the commentary of Gauranga. But he doubted whether Gauranga would consent to show it to him. Anyhow Raghunath requested Gauranga to show him his commentary on Nyaya Shastra. Gauranga readily consented to read it to Raghunath. When they were crossing the river by boat, Gauranga read out his commentary to Raghunath. Raghunath found that Gauranga's commentary was a masterly original exposition. Raghunath's hopes of occupying the first place in the world as professor of Nyaya were blasted. He wept bitterly. Gauranga asked, "Brother Raghunath, what is the matter with you? Why do you weep? I shall console you". Raghunath spoke out the truth: "Brother Gauranga, I have a strong ambition that I should attain the first place in the whole world as a professor of Nyaya. With this hope I have written a book on Nyaya thinking that it will beat out all the existing books. But my hope is entirely gone now, because your book really excels my book. It is concise, clear and original. It is indeed a scholarly production. This is the reason why I wept".

Gauranga also burst into tears. He said to Raghunath: "Is that all? Then do not weep, my dear brother. Nyaya is after all a dry philosophy. I will not be benefited much". He threw the manuscript into the river. From that moment he gave up the study of Nyaya. Look at the magnanimous heart of Gauranga! Gauranga's Nyaya was lost to the world. Didheeti of Raghunath became the first authority on Nyaya Shasra.

Gauranga mastered all branches of Sanskrit learning such as grammar, logic, literature, rhetoric, philosophy and theology. He developed marvellous talents. He was a genius. He himself started a Tol or place of learning. He was then sixteen years old and he was the youngest professor to be in charge of a Tol.

Gauranga was kind and compassionate. He was pure and gentle. He was sweet and loving. He was humane and sympathetic. He was a friend of the poor. He lived with them, served them and cheered them. He was very simple in his life. 
Gaura-vag-vigraham vande Gaurangam Gaura vaibhavam
Gaura Sankirtanon mattham Gaura-karunya-sundaram

Death of Gauranga's Father Sri Jagannath Misra:-

While Gauranga was still a student, his father died. Gauranga then married Lakshmi, the daughter of Vallabhacharya. He excelled all the Pandits and defeated even a very reputed scholar of another province. He made a tour of the eastern region of Bengal and received many valuable gifts from pious and generous-hearted householders. On his return he heard that his wife had died of snake-bite during his absence. He then married Vishnupriya. He entertained pupils and taught them. He became proud of his vast erudition. 


Namo maha-vadanya,
Krishna prema pradaya te
krishnaya krishna caitanya
Namne gaura-tvishe namaha

A Turning Point in Lord Gauranga's Life

Ananda lilamaya vigrahaya
Hemabha-divya-cchavi-sundaraya
Tasmai maha-prema-rasa-pradaya
Chaitanya Chandraya namo namaste


Lord Gauranga went on a pilgrimage to Gaya with his companions. Here he met Ishwar Puri, a Sannyasin of the order of Madhvacharya, and took him as his Guru. A marvelous change of life now came over Gauranga. He became a devotee of Lord Krishna. His pride of learning entirely vanished. He shouted, "Krishna, Krishna! Hari Bol, Hari Bol!". He continuously laughed, wept, jumped, danced in ecstasy, fell on the ground and rolled in the dust. When he was in an ecstatic mood, he never ate or drank.

Lord Gauranga proceeded to witness the footprints of Lord Krishna in the Gadadhar temple. He stood before the footprints motionless as a statue. He became absorbed in deep meditation. Tears gushed out of his eyes in continuous stream. His cloth was drenched with tears. He was about to fall down. Ishwar Puri rushed forward and supported him. Gradually Gauranga came back to consciousness. He spoke to Ishwar Puri: "Oh venerable Guru, have mercy on me. Extricate me from the quagmire of Samsara. Initiate me into the mysteries of Radha's love for Krishna. Let me develop pure Prem for Lord Krishna. Let me drink the nectar of Krishna Prema rasa:".

Ishwar Puri then gave Gauranga the ten-lettered Mantra of Lord Krishna. Purva Raga (love springing from a previous cause) dawned in the heart of Gauranga. He always remained in a meditative mood. He forgot to take his food. Tears trickled down his eyes. He swooned sometimes. He muttered again and again, "Lord Krishna, my Father! Where art Thou? I cannot live without Thee. Thou art my sole refuge, my solace. Thou art my real father, mother, friend, relative and Guru. Reveal Thy form to me always". Sometimes Gauranga would gaze with vacant eyes. Sometimes he would sit in the position of meditation. He tried to conceal his silent tears from his companions. Sometimes he was unconscious of his surroundings. Gauranga wanted to go to Brindavan, but his companions forcibly took him back to Navadweep.
Nittai Prabhu
Sri-radha prema-lubdho divasa-nisitadasvada-mattaika lilo
Gauro yan-chadidesa svaparikaravrtam krisna nama-pradathum
Gaude ‘vadham dadau ya: subhaga-gana-dhanam Gaura-nama-prakamam
Sri-Nityananda-chandram bhaja bhaja satatam Gaura-krisna pradam tam

Shri-Krishna-chaitanya

Prabhu Nityananda

Shri-Advaita Gadadhara
Shreevasadi-Gaura-bhakta-brinda
Panchatattva -
Nittai Prabhu alias Nityananda was a Brahmin by birth. He took to the ascetic life at the age of twelve. He wandered about in quest of Krishna. He resided at Brindavan for sometime, but could not find out his Krishna. Gauranga took Nityananda to his own house and introduced him to his mother: "Mother, here is another son of yours. He is my elder brother. The lost Viswarup has come back to you now. Take him as your Viswarup". Sachi said to Nittai Prabhu: "Child, come. Take care of your younger brother. Protect him. He is careless and thoughtless. Now I need not be anxious about him. Sit down, my child. Take your food and be happy".

Nityananda Prabhu conducted Sankeerthan in various places. Navadweep resounded with Hari Nama. Nittai Prabhu spent whole nights in singing the praises of Radha and Krishna. Religious processions were frequently arranged in which the devotees, headed by Gauranga and Nityananda, went dancing and singing through the streets or gathered in the courtyards of houses.

Gauranga was an embodiment of love. He lived, moved and had his being in love. His speech was full of love. He radiated love to all. His touch was a magnetism of love. He sang in love. He breathed in love. He walked in love. He showed by practice how God should be loved. He taught little by precept, but more by example. If he simply uttered one word, "You will be blessed with Bhakti", it was quite sufficient to throw a man into Samadhi and fill his heart with Prem (love). Such was Gauranga's power.

When Gauranga passed along the streets and roads, his powerful Prem current influenced and overpowered thousands. They uttered irresistibly "Hari Bol! Hari Bol!" and danced in ecstasy. 


Nityananda namasthubhyam
Premananda-pradayine
Kalau kalmasha nashaya
Jahnava-pataye namah

Gauranga Takes up Sanyasa
 
The learned and the orthodox began to hate and oppose Gauranga. But Gauranga stood adamant. He converted only a few persons. He resolved to become a Sannyasin for their salvation. He thought within himself: "As I must get salvation for all these proud scholars and orthodox householders, I must become a Sannyasin. They will undoubtedly bow to me when they see me as a Sannyasin, and thus they will be purified, and their hearts will be filled with devotion. There is no other way of securing emancipation for them".

So, at the age of twenty-four, Gauranga got himself initiated by Swami Keshava Bharati under the name of 'Krishna Chaitanya', usually shortened into 'Chaitanya'. His mother, the tender-hearted Sachi, was heartbroken. But Chaitanya consoled her in every possible way and carried out her wishes. He bore deep love and reverence for his mother till the end of his life.

Chaitanya was extremely dispassionate. He abandoned all sorts of sensual pleasures as poison. He was very strict in observing the rules of Sannyasa. He declined to grant an interview to Raja Pratap Rudra of Orissa, because it is a great sin for a Sannyasin to see a king. It is as sinful as looking at a woman. If a Sannyasin sees a Raja or a king, gradually he will be attached to the Raja. As the mind has the habit of imitating, the Sannyasin also will begin to lead a life of luxury and have a downfall eventually. That is the reason why a Sannyasin is prohibited from seeing a Raja. Gauranga never saw a woman in the face. He did not allow any woman to approach him. He slept on the ground with bare body.

Gauranga was a great Vaishnavite preacher. He disseminated the doctrines and principles of Vaishnavism far and wide. Nityananda, Sanatan, Rupa, Swarup Damodar, Advaitacharya, Sribas, Haridas, Murari, Gadadhar and others helped Chaitanya in his mission.
Conversion of Jagai and Madhai
Anarpita-charim chiraath karunaya avateernah: kalau
Samarpayithum unnathojjvala-rasam sva-bhakti-shriyam
Hari: purata-sundara-dyuti-kadamba-sandeeita:
sada hrudaya-kandare sphuratu va: shachee-nandana: - Rupa Goswami -
This Jagai and Madhai of Navadweep were the most abandoned of sinners and the worst of criminals ever known to history. They were brothers. They were the Kotwals of Navadweep. They plundered the rich, outraged the modesty of women and committed murders on the slightest provocation. There was no heinous crime on earth which those brothers had not committed. Though Brahmins by caste, they were inveterate drunkards.

Chaitanya and Nittai Prabhu undertook the serious task of reclaiming the two brothers. Chaitanya proposed to his devotees that they should go to the tent of Jagai and Madhai, doing Kirtan all the way, and then give Hari Nam to them.

Chaitanya and his devotees appeared in the streets and started the Sankeerthan. Nittai Prabhu was at the head of the party. He led the party to the camp of Jagai and Madhai. He then came face to face with the two brothers. Nittai Prabhu said, "Pray, dear brothers, take Krishna's name and serve Krishna, for He is the Supreme Lord". This exhortation inflamed Madhai, the stronger of the two. Madhai pelted Nittai Prabhu with the broken neck of an earthen jar and inflicted a gaping wound in his forehead. Blood gushed from the wound. Nittai Prabhu pressed the wound with both hands to stop the gush. Madhai picked another piece of the same jar and wanted to throw it on the head of Nittai Prabhu. Jagai caught hold of Madhai's arms and remonstrated with him: "Hold Madhai. You are very cruel. What is the merit of killing a Sannyasin? It will do you no good".

News was conveyed to Gauranga, who was behind in the Kirtan party, that Jagai and Madhai were killing Nittai Prabhu. Gauranga immediately ran to the spot where Nittai Prabhu stood wounded. He took his own cloth and wrapped it round the forehead of Nittai Prabhu to stop the bleeding. He then embraced Jagai for the good he had rendered to Nittai Prabhu by checking Madhai from attacking Nittai Prabhu again. Jagai fell down in a state of trance. Madhai was in a state of despair. He lost all power of speech. He prostrated at the feet of Gauranga: "O Lord, I am a great sinner. Have mercy on me". Gauranga asked Madhai to go to Nittai Prabhu and seek his pardon. Madhai apologized to Nittai Prabhu. Nittai Prabhu pardoned Madhai and embraced him. Madhai also, like his brother, fell down in a state of trance.

Afterwards those brothers became holy saints, and as beloved of the world as they were hated and dreaded in their earlier days for their brutality. They atoned for their past misdeeds by going over on their knees in utter humility before everybody who went to the river for bathing and by doing for them all sorts of menial services. They prepared, spade in hand, a bathing Ghat which is still known by the name of "Madhai's Ghat" at Navadweep. 
Ajanu-lambita bhujau kanakava datau
Samkeertanaika-pitarau kamalaya-thaksau
Visvambharau-dvijavarau-yuga-dharma-palau
Vande jagat priyakarau karuna-avatarau
-Rupa Goswami-

Namabisha from a Washerman

Gauranga with his companions came to a washerman who was beating the clothes upon a piece of plank. He asked the washerman to say 'Hari Bol!'. The washerman thought that the mendicants had come to beg alms from him. He said to Gauranga, "Oh mendicant, I am very poor. I have nothing to give you. Gauranga said, "I do not want anything from you. Say 'Hari Bol!' at least once". The washerman refused. He thought he would be required to pay something to the mendicant. He said, "I am very poor. I cannot give up beating the cloth in order to utter the Name you have given to me". Gauranga said, "I shall do the beating of the cloth. Please say, 'Hari Bol!'". The washerman said, 'Hari Bol!'. Then Gauranga asked him to repeat the same twice. The washerman repeated twice. Then the fire of devotion started. The washerman repeated the name unasked. He began to dance in ecstasy raising both his hands high.

The wife of the washerman brought some food to the washerman. She saw her husband dancing with uplifted hands uttering: "Hari Bol! Hari Bol!". She also noticed that her husband had no consciousness of his surroundings. She tried to rouse him by calling him loudly but in vain. She was frightened. She ran to the village and said to the relatives and neighbors, "A ghost has taken possession of my husband. Please help me. Drive away the ghost from him". They all proceeded immediately to see the washerman. He was still dancing in ecstasy. They were afraid to go near him. At last a bold man caught hold of the washerman and tried to stop his dancing. He too caught the contagion and began to dance with the washerman uttering, "Hari Bol! Hari Bol!". He embraced the onlookers. They too caught the contagion and danced in ecstasy. The people of the whole village were affected. Gauranga enjoyed the scene for some time and left the place. 
Yad advayam brahmopanisadi tad apy asya tanu-bha
Ya atmantaryami purusa iti so ’syamsa-vibhavah
Sad-aisvaryayaih purno ya iha Bhagvan sa svayam ayam
Na Chaitanyat krsnaath jagati para-tattvam param iha
-Rupa Goswami-

Prabhu’s Pilgrimages
Radha Krsna-pranaya-viktrir hladhini sakitr asmad
Ekatmanav api bhuvi pura deha-bhedm gatau tau
Chaitanyakhyam prakatam adhuna tad-dvayam caikyam aaptam
Radha-bhava-dyutisuvalitam naumi Krsna-svarupam


Chaitanya, along with his friend Nityananda, proceeded towards Orissa. He preached Vaishnavism wherever he went and held Sankeerthan. He attracted thousands of people wherever he went. He stayed for some time at Puri and then proceeded to the South. Gauranga visited the Tirupathi hills, Kancheepuram and the famous Srirangam on the banks of the Cauvery. From Srirangam he proceeded to Madurai, Rameswaram and Kanyakumari. He visited also Udipi, Pandharpur and Nasik. He visited Brindavan. At Sreerangam he personally went and blessed a devotee whose reading of Sreemad Bhagavatham was full of mistakes (and who was laughed at by every passerby) but Prabhu saw his heart and read Krishna Bhakthi flowing like a river from his pure heart. He bathed in the Yamuna and in several sacred pools and visited the various shrines for worship. He prayed and danced in ecstasy to his heart's content. He also visited Navadweep, his birthplace. At last Gauranga returned to Puri and settled there. He spent his remaining days at Puri only. Disciples and admirers from Bengal, Brindavan and various other places came to Puri to pay their respects to Gauranga. Gauranga held Kirtan and religious discourses daily.
Miracle at Puri Car Festival



At Puri a miracle happened. During the car festival, the car of Jagannath did not move. All the pilgrims tried their combined strength. It proved futile. The gigantic elephants of the Raja of Puri also failed to move the car. All were in a stage of suspense and dilemma. Gauranga came just then. He pushed the car by his head and the car moved at once. All the pilgrims and devotees rent the air with the sound 'Hari Bol!'.
Conversion of Saarvabhauma
Shri-raadhayaa pranaya-mahimaa keedrusho va aanayaiv aasva aadyo
Yen aadbhuta-madhurimaa keedrusho vaa madeeyah
Saukhyam chasya mad-anubhavatah keedrusham veti lobhaat
Tad-bhavaadhyah samajani zaci-garbha-sindhau hareendhuhu:

-Swaroopa Damodar-
Saarvabhauma Bhattacharya was a great Vedantic scholar. Once Chaitanya went in an ecstatic mood to the temple of Jagannath. He rushed to embrace the image, but fell down on the ground in a deep swoon. The guard was about to beat Gauranga. The learned scholar Saarvabhauma Bhattacharya, the minister of King Pratap Rudra of Orissa, removed Chaitanya to his house. His students carried Gauranga on their shoulders and put him down on a clean spot in the house. The devotees uttered loudly the name of 'Hari' in the ears of Gauranga. Gauranga came back to consciousness.

Saarvabhauma thought that Gauranga was a young man without any control of passion and knowledge of Vedanta. He did not like Kirtan and Nritya (dancing). He desired to re-initiate Gauranga. Gauranga humbly listened to Saarvabhauma for many days. Saarvabhauma expounded the following verse in nine different ways. Chaitanya showed his skill in Sanskrit and expounded the same verse in sixty-one different ways. Saarvabhauma was struck with wonder. The verse runs: 
"Atmaramascha Munayo Nigranthapi Urukrame,
Kurvanty Ahaitukim Bhaktim Ithambhuta Guno Hari"

"Hari's qualities are so charming that the Atmarama Yogis--though they are Nigranthas (i.e., outside the influence of illusion or Shastraic injunctions)--become contemplative and are attracted by the same into adoring the Urukrama Hari with selfless love and devotion." Saarvabhauma had neither devotion nor realisation. He was only a dry learned Pandit. Gauranga was a great scholar and yet he was humble. He would never indulge in such talks as were calculated to wound the feelings of others. He would never feel a sense of elation if he got victory in his debates. Gauranga eventually converted Saarvabhauma to his faith and criticised his arguments one by one. Gauranga embraced Saarvabhauma. Saarvabhauma fainted in an ecstasy of divine joy. He then rose and danced. He prostrated at the feet of Gauranga and said, "Oh venerable Master! Logic had made my heart as hard as iron. I had no devotion. Thou hast melted me. Salutations unto thee, O powerful Lord!".

Lord Gauranga converted all the leaders of Advaita and the heads of the Vaishnavas who came under his fold. Prakasananda, the Advaitacharya of Varanasi, was also converted. The ministers of the King of Gour were subjugated. Kazi, the Governor, was conquered. The King of Orissa became Gauranga's ardent and devoted disciple. He recognized Gauranga as an Avatara of Lord Krishna. 
Hare Krishna krishneti mukhyaan
Mahaascharya-naamavalee-siddha-mantraan |
Kripa-moorti-Chaitanya-devopa geethan
Kadh abhyasya Vrundaavane syaan kritaartha: II
  • Prabhodananda Saraswathi -


Healing Leper Vasudeva
Vasudeva was a humble, pious and good-natured Brahmin. He suffered from leprosy--a loathsome disease. He was forced to live apart from his friends and relatives on account of the abominable stench emitted by his body. He used to pick up the maggots that dropped from his sores and put them back in their place. Vasudeva had extreme compassion and equal vision. He believed that all living creatures had an equal right to live and that he had no right to deprive them (the worms) of their natural food. What a magnanimous soul with a wonderful soft heart!

Vasudeva lived in the vicinity of the temple of Kurma at Jagannath. At night he heard of Chaitanya's arrival in the temple of Kurma. Next morning he proceeded to the temple to see him. He learnt that the Master had left the place half an hour earlier. On hearing this he fell down in a faint from disappointment and sorrow, exclaiming as he fell, "O Lord Krishna, hast Thou forsaken me?".

Chaitanya, who was then passing along the road, heard the cry of Vasudeva and ran towards the temple. He lifted the leper in his arms and embraced him, and lo! the leprosy disappeared and the body became sound and beautiful. Vasudeva said, "Oh Lord! Thou hast embraced me! All people fled from me due to the stench of my body. I came here to pay my respects to Thee and see Thy lotus feet. Certainly I did not come here with any idea of being healed. The loathsome malady taught me to be humble and compassionate and to remember the Lord at all times. But a healthy body will again generate pride and vanity and I will forget the Lord".

Chaitanya consoled him and said, "O Vasudeva! My child! You have the grace of Lord Krishna. You will never again be puffed up with vanity and pride. Lord Krishna has already accepted you on account of your extreme humility and compassion towards all living creatures and even to those worms which fed on your body. Repeat Lord Krishna's Name and save men by making them also repeat Krishna's Name". 
Nijatve gaudiyaan jagati parigrhya prabhur imaan
hare-krishneti evam ganana-vidhinaa keertayata bho: |
itipriyam shiksham janaka iva tebhya: paridishan
Sachee-soonu: kim me nayana-zaranim yasyati puna:? ||
-Raghunath Das Goswami -

Kirtan at the Residence of Sreevas Pandit



Pandit Sreevaas was a sincere devotee of Gauranga. The first Kirtan party was formed in the courtyard of Sreevaas Pandit's house. It was there that the Kirtan was usually held. Chaitanya Bhagavata was written by Sreevaas Pandit's grandson in his house.

There was a grand Kirtan in the house of Sreevaas Pandit one night. Gauranga and the Bhaktas were dancing in great joy. Now a maid-servant entered the courtyard and made a sign to Sreevaas to follow her. Sreevaas left the Kirtan and went inside the house. Sreevaas Pandit's only son was seriously ailing from cholera. Sreevaas saw now that his son was in a dying condition. His wife was weeping. Sreevaas Pandit told her, "Do not weep. This will disturb the joy of our Lord. It is a great fortune that our son is dying when Hari's Kirtan is being done in the house". In a few minutes the soul of the boy left the body. Sreevaas joined in the Kirtan and danced in joy. He was not a bit affected. The matter could not be kept secret for a long time. Anyhow it reached the ears of a Kirtanist. He stopped the Kirtan. Another heard the news. He also stopped the Kirtan and wanted to see the condition of Sreevaas . Gradually the Kirtanists stopped one by one. Gauranga also stopped the Kirtan and said: "How is it that I do not experience much joy today? Has anything serious happened today?". He looked at Sreevaas with a pained heart.

Sreevaas replied, "Can I have any danger when the Lord is doing Kirtan in my house?". Another devotee said, "It is true, my Lord, a great calamity has occurred. Pandit Sreevaas Pandit's son is dead". Chaitanya said, "His son dead! When?". The devotee replied, "He died some six or seven hours ago". Chaitanya burst into tears. He said, "Sreevaas, bring the child before me". The body of the child was brought before Gauranga in the courtyard. Gauranga addressed the dead child and commanded him to speak. The boy spoke: "I am leaving this body for a better existence. O Lord, may my soul cling to Thy lotus feet!". The soul again left the body of the child. Gauranga then said to Sreevaas Pandit and his wife Malinee: "I and Nityananda will take the place of your departed child. Be not troubled. Be not anxious". What a large and sympathetic heart Gauranga had!
Six-Handed Divinity
 
The followers of Chaitanya regard Chaitanya as a six-handed Divinity. It is said that he showed his form with six hands to Saarvabhauma, Ramananda Ray and Nittai Prabhu, the first two hands provided with bow and arrow, the second two with a flute in the act of playing upon it and the last two with Danda and Kamandalu (staff and pot). By this manifestation Chaitanya made Nittai Prabhu understand that he was Rama as well as Krishna.
Jumping Into the Sea

When Gauranga was in a fit of devotional ecstasy, he jumped into the blue sea at Puri. He imagined that the blue sea was the Yamuna. He wanted to join in the frolics of the Gopis of Brindavan. As his body was in an emaciated condition, owing to constant fasts and vigils, it floated on the water and fell into the net of a fisherman. It was night. The fisherman was extremely glad as he felt that the net was very heavy. He thought that he had caught a big Brobdingnagian fish. He dragged the net to the shore with difficulty. He found in the net a human corpse instead of a big fish. He was disappointed. The corpse made a faint sound. The fisherman took it for a ghost or hobgoblin. He was greatly frightened. He slowly walked along the shore with trembling feet. Swaroopa and Ramananda, who were searching for their master from sunset, met the fisherman. Swaroopa asked him if he had seen Gauranga Deva anywhere. The fisherman narrated his story. Then Swaroopa and Ramananda hurried to the place where the net was lying. They removed their Master from the net and placed him on the ground. They sang the name of Hari loudly. Gauranga came back to consciousness.
His Last Words

Lord Gauranga said, "Listen Swaroopa and Ramananda Raj! The chanting of Krishna's Name is the chief means of attaining Krishna's feet in the Kali Yuga. Sankeerthan of the Name is the supreme healer in the Iron Age. Sankeerthan tantamount to Vedic sacrifice. Sankeerthan destroys sins and purifies the heart and creates Bhakti. Chant the name while sitting, standing, walking, eating, in bed and everywhere. The Name is omnipotent. You can repeat the Name at any place, at any time.

"Listen, Swaroopa and Ramananda! I tell you about the mental attitude with which the Name should be recited.

"Hari's Name should always be chanted by him who must be humbler than a blade of grass (which is trodden upon); who is more patient, forbearing and charitable than a tree (which does not cry out even when it is cut down, and which does not beg for water even when scorched to death, but on the contrary, offers its treasure to whosoever seeks it, bears the sun and rain itself but protects those who take shelter under it from rain and sunshine); who, however worthy of esteem should, instead of claiming respect for himself, give respect to all (from a sense of God's immanency in all beings). He who thus takes Krishna's Name gets Krishna-prem".

Lord Gauranga became more humble in spirit and recited the following Sloka:-

"Oh Lord, I ask not for wealth or followers, or for poetic genius. May my motiveless devotion to Thee continue in me whenever I take birth."

Gauranga passed away on some day in June, 1533.
Chetodarpana Marjanain Bhava Mahadavagni Nirvapanam
Sreyah Kairava Chandrikaa Vitaranam Vidhyavadhoo Jivanam;
Anandambudhi Vardhanam Pratipadam Purnamrita Swadanam
Sarvatmasnapanam Param Vijayate Sri Krishna Sankeerthanam. 


"Glorified above all is the chanting of the various names of Krishna which cleanses the mirror of Chitta (sub-conscious), which extinguishes the great forest fire of the succession of births and rebirths, which operates like the moonbeam upon the white lily of spiritual well-being, which is the elixir of life of the bride Vidya, which makes the ocean of bliss swell, which gives the chanter the fullest enjoyment of that divine love at the utterance of each word, and which bathes the mind and the senses in divine bliss."--Gauranga
Sikshashtaka
(The following translation is copyright of Bhaktivedanta Book Trust International, 2004)

Although Lord Chaitanya was widely renowned as a scholar in his youth, he left only eight verses, called Sikshashtaka. These eight verses clearly reveal his mission and precepts. These supremely valuable prayers are translated herein.

Glory to the Sri Krishna Sankeerthana, which cleanses the heart of all the dust accumulated for years and extinguishes the fire of conditional life, of repeated birth and death. This Sankeerthana movement is the prime benediction for humanity at large because it spreads the rays of the benediction moon. It is the life of all transcendental knowledge. It increases the ocean of transcendental bliss, and it enables us to fully taste the nectar for which we are always anxious. 
O my Lord, Your holy name alone can render all benediction to living beings, and thus You have hundreds and millions of names like Krishna and Govinda. In these transcendental names You have invested all Your transcendental energies. There are not even hard and fast rules for chanting these names. 
O my Lord, out of kindness You enable us to easily approach You by Your holy names, but I am so unfortunate that I have no attraction for them. 
One should chant the holy name of the Lord in a humble state of mind, thinking oneself lower than the straw in the street; one should be more tolerant than a tree, devoid of all sense of false prestige and should be ready to offer all respect to others. In such a state of mind one can chant the holy name of the Lord constantly. 
O Almighty Lord, I have no desire to accumulate wealth, nor do I desire beautiful women, nor do I want any number of followers. I only want Your causeless devotional service birth after birth. 
O son of Maharaja Nanda (Krishna), I am Your eternal servitor, yet somehow or other I have fallen into the ocean of birth and death. Please pick me up from this ocean of death and place me as one of the atoms at Your lotus feet. 
O my Lord, when will my eyes be decorated with tears of love flowing constantly when I chant Your holy name? When will my voice choke up, and when will the hairs of my body stand on end at the recitation of Your name?
O Govinda! Feeling Your separation, I am considering a moment to be like twelve years or more. Tears are flowing from my eyes like torrents of rain, and I am feeling all vacant in the world in Your absence. 
I know no one but Krishna as my Lord, and He shall remain so even if He handles me roughly by His embrace or makes me brokenhearted by not being present before me. He is completely free to do anything and everything, for He is always my worshipful Lord unconditionally.
Lord Chaitanya is the Supreme Person, Krishna, appearing as His own worshiper. He is the combined form of Krishna and Krishna's most dear devotee, Srimati Radharani. He came to experience the love She feels for Him, and to show by example how to fully surrender to Krishna.
 
  1. He exhibited symptoms of love of God to the highest degree, and emphasized chanting the holy names of Krishna as the best means to attain love of God. One should love this new form of Lord Krishna Himself is the quintessence of his great avatar.
  2. The mirror of the heart or consciousness is cleansed by chanting Mahamantra.
  3. The blazing fire of material life is extinguished by constant remembrance of holy names.
  4. All good fortune blesses the life of the chanter whose only aim should be to chant His name for ever in his lips., consciously or unconsciously.
  5. Transcendental knowledge becomes revealed; this is a gradual and definite upcoming situation in the life of a true sadhak.
  6. An ocean of divine happiness fills the heart of the chanter which is never explicable.
  7. The material existence is completely uprooted as one can himself realize in the course of his treading the divine path himself.
  8. Everything becomes complete by the process of chanting; to be felt and not spelt.